Né vi è alcun confronto possibile
con la partecipazione delle donne alle lotte del risorgimento e alle guerre per
l'indipendenza nazionale. Si trattò allora, fatta eccezione per le giornate
insurrezionali cittadine e delle rivolte popolari, di poche elette, di fulgidi
esempi ma non di fenomeno di massa.
Caratteristica fondamentale della resistenza femminile che fu uno degli
elementi più vitali della guerra di liberazione è proprio questo suo carattere
collettivo, quasi anonimo, questo suo avere per protagoniste non alcune
creature eccezionali, ma vaste masse appartenenti ai più diversi strati della
popolazione, questo suo nascere non dalla volontà di poche, ma dalla iniziativa
spontanea di molte.
I primi corrieri e informatori partigiani furono le donne. Inizialmente
portavano assieme agli aiuti in viveri e indumenti le notizie da casa e le
informazioni sui movimenti del nemico. Ben presto questo lavoro spontaneo
venne organizzato, ed ogni distaccamento si creò le proprie staffette, che si
specializzarono nel fare la spola tra i centri abitati e i comandi delle unità
partigiane.
Le staffette costituirono un ingranaggio importante della complessa macchina
dell'esercito partigiano. Senza i collegamenti assicurati dalle staffette le
direttive sarebbero rimaste lettera morta, gli aiuti, gli ordini, le
informazioni non sarebbero arrivati nelle diverse zone. Delicato e duro, quasi
sempre pericoloso era il loro lavoro; anche quando non attraversavano le linee
durante il combattimento, sotto il fuoco del nemico, dovevano con materiale
pericoloso, talvolta ingombrante, salire per le scoscese pendici dei monti,
attraversare torrenti, percorrere centinaia di chilometri in bicicletta o in
camion, spesso a piedi, non di rado sotto la pioggia e l'infuriare del vento. Pigiata in un treno, serrata tra
le assi sconnesse di un carro bestiame, la staffetta trascorreva lunghe ore,
costretta sovente a passare a notte nelle stazioni o in aperta campagna
sfidando i pericoli dei bombardamenti e del tedesco in agguato.
Spesso dovevano precedere i fascisti che salivano, per avvertire in tempo i
nostri, e talvolta restavano coinvolte nel rastrellamento. Dopo i combattimenti
non sempre i partigiani in ritirata potevano trascinarsi dietro i colpiti
gravemente. Se c'era un ferito da nascondere rimaneva la staffetta a vegliarlo,
a prestargli le cure necessarie, a cercargli il medico, a organizzare il suo
ricovero in clinica. Non di rado, dopo la battaglia, la staffetta restava sul posto nel paese
occupato, per conoscere le mosse del nemico e far pervenire le informazioni ai
comandi partigiani. Durante le marce di trasferimento erano all'avanguardia:
quando l'unità partigiana arrivava in prossimità di un centro abitato, la
staffetta per prima entrava in paese per sincerarsi se vi fossero forze nemiche
e quante, se fosse possibile o meno alla colonna partigiana proseguire. Durante le soste di pernottamento e di riposo le staffette andavano
nell'abitato in cerca di viveri, di medicinali e di quant'altro occorreva.
Infaticabili, sempre in moto notte e giorno per stabilire un collegamento,
ricercare informazioni, portare un ordine, trasmettere una direttiva; spesso
nella piccola busta che la staffetta nascondeva in seno vi era la salvezza, la
vita o la morte di centinaia di uomini".
da Secchia, Moscatelli, Il Monterosa è sceso a Milano, G. Einaudi Editore, Torino, 1958, pp.. 603-607
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